Kako instalirati najnoviji kernel 5.0 u Ubuntu


Povremeno se pojavljuju novi uređaji i tehnologija i važno je održavati jezgro našeg Linux sistema ažurnim ako želimo da ga maksimalno iskoristimo.

Štaviše, ažuriranje kernela sistema će nam olakšati da iskoristimo prednosti novih funkcija kernela, a takođe će nam pomoći da se zaštitimo od ranjivosti koje su pronađene u ranijim verzijama.

Preporučeno čitanje: Kako nadograditi kernel u CentOS 7

Jeste li spremni za ažuriranje kernela na Ubuntu i Debianu ili nekom od njihovih derivata kao što je Linux Mint? Ako jeste, nastavite čitati!

Provjerite instaliranu verziju kernela

Da bismo pronašli trenutnu verziju instaliranog kernela na našem sistemu, možemo učiniti:

uname -sr

Sljedeće prikazuje izlaz gornje naredbe na Ubuntu 18.04 serveru:

Linux 4.15.0-42-generic

Nadogradnja kernela u Ubuntu serveru

Da nadogradite kernel u Ubuntu, idite na http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ i odaberite željenu verziju (Kernel 5.0 je najkasnije u trenutku pisanja) sa liste klikom na nju.

Zatim preuzmite datoteke .deb za arhitekturu vašeg sistema koristeći komandu wget.

Preuzmite Linux kernel za 32-bitni sistem

wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-image-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb

Preuzmite Linux kernel za 64-bitni sistem

wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb
wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb

Nakon što preuzmete sve gore navedene datoteke kernela, sada ih instalirajte na sljedeći način:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb
Sample Output
(Reading database ... 140176 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.0.0-050000 (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic.
Preparing to unpack linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.0.0-050000 (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-050000-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/x-grub-legacy-ec2:
Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Replacing config file /run/grub/menu.lst with new version
Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done

/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-42-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
done

Kada se instalacija završi, restartujte svoj stroj i provjerite da li se koristi nova verzija kernela:

uname -sr

I to je to. Sada koristite mnogo noviju verziju kernela od one koja je podrazumevano instalirana sa Ubuntu.

Sažetak

U ovom članku smo pokazali kako lako nadograditi Linux kernel na Ubuntu sustav. Postoji još jedna procedura koju ovdje nismo prikazali jer zahtijeva kompajliranje kernela iz izvora, što se ne preporučuje na proizvodnim Linux sistemima.

Ako ste i dalje zainteresirani za kompajliranje kernela kao iskustvo učenja, dobit ćete upute o tome kako to učiniti na stranici Kernel Newbies.

Kao i uvijek, slobodno koristite obrazac ispod ako imate pitanja ili komentare o ovom članku.