Korisni primjeri naredbi 'host' za upite DNS pretraživanja
Komanda Host je minimalan i jednostavan za korištenje CLI uslužni program za izvođenje DNS pretraživanja koje prevodi imena domena u IP adrese i obrnuto. Takođe se može koristiti za listanje i verifikaciju različitih tipova DNS zapisa kao što su NS i MX, testiranje i validaciju ISP DNS servera i internet konekcije, spam i crne liste zapisa, otkrivanje i rešavanje problema sa DNS serverom, između ostalog.
U ovom članku ćemo naučiti kako koristiti naredbu host s nekoliko korisnih primjera u Linuxu za obavljanje DNS pretraživanja. U prethodnim člancima prikazali smo najčešće korišćenih 8 Nslookup komandi za testiranje i rešavanje problema sa DNS serverima, kao i za upite specifičnih DNS resursnih zapisa (RR).
Također smo objasnili 10 Linux Dig (Domain Information Groper) komandi za upite DNS informacija, radi više kao Nslookup alat. Uslužni program domaćina također radi na sličan način i dolazi unaprijed instaliran na većini, ako ne i na svim mainstream Linux distribucijama.
Uz to, pogledajmo ovih 14 naredbi domaćina u nastavku.
Pronađite IP adresu domene
Ovo je najjednostavnija naredba hosta koju možete pokrenuti, samo navedite ime domene kao što je google.com da biste dobili pridružene IP adrese.
$ host google.com
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
Pronađite servere imena domena
Da biste saznali servere imena domena, koristite opciju -t.
$ host -t ns google.com
google.com name server ns1.google.com.
google.com name server ns2.google.com.
google.com name server ns3.google.com.
google.com name server ns4.google.com.
Pronađite CNAME zapis domene
Da saznate domenu CNAME, pokrenite.
$ host -t cname mail.google.com
mail.google.com is an alias for googlemail.l.google.com.
Pronađite MX zapis domene
Da biste saznali MX zapise za domenu.
$ host -n -t mx google.com
ogle.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
Pronađite TXT zapis domene
Da biste saznali TXT zapise za domenu.
$ host -t txt google.com
google.com descriptive text "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all"
Pronađite SOA zapis domene
Možete učiniti da host pokuša da prikaže SOA zapise za određenu zonu, sa svih navedenih autoritativnih servera imena za tu zonu sa zastavicom -C.
$ host -C google.com
Nameserver 216.239.38.10:
google.com has SOA record ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.32.10:
google.com has SOA record ns3.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.34.10:
google.com has SOA record ns4.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Nameserver 216.239.36.10:
google.com has SOA record ns2.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Upit za određeni server imena
Za upit određenog servera imena domene.
$ host google.com ns4.google.com
Using domain server:
Name: ns4.google.com
Address: 216.239.38.10#53
Aliases:
google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has address 172.217.19.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4005:808::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
Pronađite sve informacije o domenskim zapisima i zonama
Da biste napravili upit tipa ANY, koristite opciju -a (sve) koja je ekvivalentna postavljanju opcije -v.
$ host -a google.com
Trying "google.com"
;; ->>HEADER<Dobijte TTL informacije o domeni
Da biste saznali TTL informacije o domeni.
$ host -v -t a google.com
Trying "google.com"
;; ->>HEADER<Koristite ili IPv4 ili IPv6
Opcija -4 ili -6 prisiljava host da koristi samo IPv4 ili samo IPV6 transport upita.
host -4 google.com
OR
host -6 google.com
Izvršite nerekurzivne upite
Opcija -r izvodi nerekurzivne upite, imajte na umu da postavljanje ove opcije briše RD (poželjna rekurzija), bit u upitu koji host pravi.
$ host -rR 5 google.com
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Postavite UDP ponovne pokušaje za traženje
Podrazumevano je broj pokušaja UDP-a 1, da biste ga promijenili, koristite oznaku -R.
$ host -R 5 google.com
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Postavite vrijeme za upit čekajte odgovor
Koristeći -W prekidač, možete naložiti hostu da čeka na odgovor određeno vrijeme u sekundama i ako se koristi -w zastavica, to čini da host čeka zauvijek za odgovor:
$ host -T -W 10 google.com
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has address 216.58.201.46
google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e
google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
To je to! U ovom članku naučili smo kako koristiti naredbu host s nekoliko korisnih primjera u Linuxu. Koristite obrazac za povratne informacije u nastavku da podijelite s nama bilo kakva razmišljanja o ovom vodiču.