10 Strace naredbi za rješavanje problema i otklanjanje grešaka u Linux procesima
strace je moćan alat komandne linije za otklanjanje grešaka i rješavanje problema u programima u operativnim sistemima sličnim Unixu kao što je Linux. On hvata i snima sve sistemske pozive koje je izvršio proces i signale koje proces prima.
Pročitajte također: Kako izvršiti reviziju Linux procesa koristeći 'autrace' na CentOS/RHEL
Prikazuje ime svakog sistemskog poziva zajedno sa njegovim argumentima zatvorenim u zagradi i povratnom vrednošću standardne greške; opciono ga možete preusmjeriti i na datoteku.
U ovom članku ćemo objasniti 10 primjera strace komandi za rješavanje problema i otklanjanje grešaka u programima i procesima u Linux sistemu.
Kako instalirati Strace Process Monitoring Tool u Linux
Ako strace nije unaprijed instaliran na vašem Linux sistemu, pokrenite odgovarajuću naredbu ispod za vašu distribuciju, da je instalirate.
sudo apt install strace #Debian/Ubuntu
yum install strace #RHEL/CentOS
dnf install strace #Fedora 22+
U slučaju da se program sruši ili se ponaša na način koji se ne očekuje, možete proći kroz njegove sistemske pozive kako biste saznali šta se tačno dogodilo tokom njegovog izvršavanja. Kao što ćemo kasnije vidjeti, sistemski pozivi se mogu kategorizirati pod različitim događajima: oni koji se odnose na upravljanje procesima, oni koji uzimaju datoteku kao argument, oni koji uključuju umrežavanje, memorijsko mapiranje, signale, IPC i također sistemske pozive koji se odnose na deskriptor datoteke.
Možete ili pokrenuti program/naredbu sa strace-om ili mu proslijediti PID koristeći opciju -p
kao u sljedećim primjerima.
1. Pratite sistemske pozive Linux komandi
Možete jednostavno pokrenuti naredbu sa strace ovako, ovdje pratimo sve sistemske pozive koje je izvršila naredba df.
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "7ELF$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
Iz gornjeg izlaza, možete vidjeti različite tipove sistemskih poziva napravljenih pomoću df komande, na primjer.
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
gdje:
- otvoreno – je tip sistemskog poziva
- (“/etc/ld.so.cache”, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) – argument sistemskog poziva
- 3 – povratna vrijednost sistemskog poziva
Ispod je primjer izlaza koji prikazuje sistemske pozive pisanja, koji prikazuje izlaz df komande na ekranu.
mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78f5000
close(3) = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
) = 49
write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
) = 43
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
) = 43
write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
) = 40
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
) = 47
write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
) = 48
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
) = 53
write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
) = 56
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 36K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 36K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
) = 53
close(1) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
2. Praćenje Linux procesa PID
Ako je proces već pokrenut, možete ga pratiti jednostavnim prosljeđivanjem njegovog PID-a na sljedeći način; ovo će ispuniti vaš ekran kontinuiranim izlazom koji prikazuje sistemske pozive koje proces upućuje, da biste ga prekinuli, pritisnite [Ctrl + C]
.
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U0!70$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
3. Dobijte sažetak Linux procesa
Koristeći oznaku -c
, možete generirati izvještaj o ukupnom vremenu, pozivima i greškama za svaki sistemski poziv, kako slijedi.
sudo strace -c -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
^Cstrace: Process 3569 detached
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
99.73 0.016000 8 1971 poll
0.16 0.000025 0 509 75 futex
0.06 0.000010 0 1985 1966 recvmsg
0.06 0.000009 0 2336 mprotect
0.00 0.000000 0 478 read
0.00 0.000000 0 13 write
0.00 0.000000 0 29 mmap
0.00 0.000000 0 9 munmap
0.00 0.000000 0 18 writev
0.00 0.000000 0 351 madvise
0.00 0.000000 0 1 restart_syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 0.016044 7700 2041 total
4. Odštampajte pokazivač instrukcija tokom sistemskog poziva
Opcija -i
prikazuje pokazivač instrukcije u vrijeme svakog sistemskog poziva koji je obavio program.
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
5. Prikaži vrijeme dana za svaku izlaznu liniju traga
Također možete ispisati doba dana za svaki red u izlazu praćenja, tako što ćete proslijediti zastavicu -t
.
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
6. Ispis naredbenog vremena provedenog u sistemskim pozivima
Da biste prikazali vremensku razliku između početka i kraja svakog sistemskog poziva koji je obavio program, koristite opciju -T
.
sudo strace -T df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 <0.000287>
brk(NULL) = 0xeca000 <0.000035>
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000028>
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f9aff2b1000 <0.000020>
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000019>
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 <0.000022>
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 <0.000015>
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f9aff28c000 <0.000019>
close(3) = 0 <0.000014>
...
7. Pratite samo specifične sistemske pozive
U naredbi ispod, trace=write
je poznat kao kvalifikacijski izraz, gdje je trace kvalifikator (drugi uključuju signal, skraćenicu, opširno, sirovo, čitanje ili pisanje) . Ovdje je write vrijednost kvalifikatora.
Sljedeća komanda zapravo prikazuje sistemske pozive za štampanje df izlaza na standardni izlaz.
sudo strace -e trace=write df -h
write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
) = 49
write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
) = 43
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
) = 43
write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
) = 40
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
) = 47
write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
) = 48
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
) = 53
write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
) = 56
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 28K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
) = 53
+++ exited with 0 +++
Evo nekoliko dodatnih naredbi o kvalifikatoru praćenja.
sudo strace -e trace=open,close df -h
sudo strace -e trace=open,close,read,write df -h
sudo strace -e trace=all df -h
8. Praćenje sistemskih poziva na osnovu određenog stanja
Pogledajmo kako pratiti sistemske pozive koji se odnose na datu klasu događaja. Ova naredba se može koristiti za praćenje svih sistemskih poziva koji uključuju upravljanje procesima.
sudo strace -q -e trace=process df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fe2222ff700) = 0
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
Zatim, da biste pratili sve sistemske pozive koji uzimaju ime datoteke kao argument, pokrenite ovu naredbu.
sudo strace -q -e trace=file df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
...
Da biste pratili sve sistemske pozive koji uključuju mapiranje memorije, otkucajte.
sudo strace -q -e trace=memory df -h
brk(NULL) = 0x77a000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4658000
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4633000
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f406b000
mprotect(0x7fe8f422b000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fe8f442b000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c0000) = 0x7fe8f442b000
mmap(0x7fe8f4431000, 14752, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4431000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4632000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4631000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4630000
mprotect(0x7fe8f442b000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x616000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fe8f465a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fe8f4633000, 147662) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2981280, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f3d93000
brk(NULL) = 0x77a000
brk(0x79b000) = 0x79b000
mmap(NULL, 619, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4657000
mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4650000
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
+++ exited with 0 +++
Možete pratiti sve sistemske pozive povezane s mrežom i signalima.
sudo strace -e trace=network df -h
sudo strace -e trace=signal df -h
9. Preusmjerite izlaz traga u datoteku
Za pisanje poruka praćenja poslanih standardnoj grešci u datoteku, koristite opciju -o
. To znači da se na ekranu ispisuje samo izlaz komande kao što je prikazano ispod.
sudo strace -o df_debug.txt df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
Da pregledate datoteku, koristite naredbu cat.
cat df_debug.txt
10. Prikaži neke rezultate za otklanjanje grešaka iz Strace
Za prikaz informacija o otklanjanju grešaka za alat strace, koristite oznaku -d
.
strace -d df -h
Za dodatne informacije pogledajte strace man stranicu.
man strace
Pročitajte i ove korisne srodne članke:
- 20 alata komandne linije za praćenje performansi Linuxa
- Sysdig – Snažan alat za praćenje sistema i rješavanje problema za Linux
- Kako pratiti izvršenje naredbi u Shell skriptu pomoću Shell Tracking
- BCC – Dinamički alati za praćenje za praćenje performansi Linuxa, umrežavanje i još mnogo toga
U zaključku, strace je izvanredan alat za dijagnosticiranje uzroka(a) neuspjeha programa: to je moćno otklanjanje grešaka i rješavanje problema. Praktično je koristan za iskusne sistem administratore, programere i hakere. Da biste podijelili bilo kakva razmišljanja o ovom članku, koristite obrazac za povratne informacije u nastavku.