Kako instalirati Docker i pokrenuti Docker kontejnere u Ubuntu
Docker je open source i popularna tehnologija virtuelizacije na nivou operativnog sistema (obično poznata kao “kontejnerizacija ”) koja prvenstveno radi na Linux i Windows. Docker olakšava kreiranje, implementaciju i pokretanje aplikacija korištenjem kontejnera.
Sa kontejnerima, programeri (i sistemski administratori) mogu zapakirati aplikaciju sa svime što je potrebno za pokretanje aplikacije – kodom, vremenom izvođenja, bibliotekama, varijablama okruženja i konfiguracijskim datotekama, i sve to isporučiti izlazi kao jedan paket. Da, tako je sjajno!
U ovom članku ćemo vam pokazati kako da instalirate Docker CE (Community Edition), kreirate i pokrenete Docker kontejnere na Ubuntu distribuciji.
Instaliranje Docker CE (Community Edition) u Ubuntu
1. Da biste instalirali Docker CE, prvo morate ukloniti starije verzije Dockera koje se zovu docker
, docker.io
, ili docker-engine
iz sistema koristeći sljedeću naredbu.
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Zatim morate postaviti Docker spremište da instalira i ažurira Docker iz spremišta koristeći sljedeće naredbe.
sudo apt-get update
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Ažurirajte indeks paketa apt i instalirajte najnoviju verziju Docker CE koristeći sljedeće komande.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB]
Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB]
Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s)
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4. Nakon uspješne instalacije Docker CE paketa, servis bi trebao biti automatski pokrenut i automatski omogućen za pokretanje pri pokretanju sistema, možete provjeriti njegov status koristeći sljedeću naredbu .
sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
Tasks: 8
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Konačno, provjerite da je Docker CE ispravno instaliran pokretanjem slike hello-world
.
sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Naučite osnovne Docker komande u Ubuntu
6. Da biste dobili informacije o Dockeru, pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker info
Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.452GiB
Name: tecmint
ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
7. Da biste dobili informacije o Docker verziji, pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
8. Da biste dobili listu svih dostupnih Docker komandi, pokrenite docker
na svom terminalu.
docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
....
Preuzmite Docker sliku u Ubuntu
9. Da biste pokrenuli Docker kontejner, prvo morate preuzeti sliku sa Docker Hub-a – pruža besplatne slike iz svojih spremišta.
Na primjer, da preuzmete Docker sliku pod nazivom CentOS 7
, izdajte sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47
tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43
gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK]
openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39
centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37
centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33
kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK]
openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20
centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10
openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6
openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4
darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2
pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1
openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1
blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Nakon što ste odredili koju sliku želite pokrenuti na osnovu vaših zahtjeva, preuzmite je lokalno pokretanjem donje naredbe (u ovom slučaju slika CentOS se preuzima i koristi ).
docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Za popis svih dostupnih Docker slika na vašem hostu pokrenite sljedeću naredbu.
sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Ako više ne želite Docker sliku i možete je ukloniti pomoću sljedeće naredbe.
sudo docker rmi centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb
Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Pokrenite Docker kontejner u Ubuntu
13. Da biste kreirali i pokrenuli Docker kontejner, prvo morate pokrenuti naredbu u preuzetoj slici CentOS
, tako da bi osnovna naredba bila provjeriti verziju distribucije datoteku unutar kontejnera koristeći cat komandu, kao što je prikazano.
docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Da ponovo pokrenete kontejnere, prvo morate dobiti ID ili naziv kontejnera tako što ćete pokrenuti sljedeću naredbu, koja će prikazati listu pokrenutih i zaustavljenih kontejnera:
sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Nakon što ste stekli ID ili naziv kontejnera, možete pokrenuti kontejner koristeći sljedeću naredbu:
sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779
OR
sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Ovdje string 0ddfa81c5779
predstavlja ID kontejnera, a elastic_shirley
predstavlja naziv kontejnera.
16. Da zaustavite pokrenuti kontejner, pokrenite naredbu docker stop
navodeći ID ili naziv kontejnera.
sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779
OR
sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. Bolji način, tako da ne morate da pamtite ID kontejnera, bio bi da definišete jedinstveno ime za svaki kontejner koji kreirate korišćenjem --name
opcija kao što je prikazano.
docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Da biste povezali i pokrenuli Linux komande u kontejneru, izdajte sljedeću naredbu.
docker run -it centos bash
[root@6213ec547863 /]# uname -a
Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@6213ec547863 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Da biste izašli i vratili se na host iz pokrenute sesije kontejnera, morate otkucati naredbu exit
kao što je prikazano.
exit
To je sve za osnovnu manipulaciju kontejnerom. Ako imate bilo kakvih pitanja ili komentara o ovom članku, koristite obrazac za povratne informacije u nastavku kako biste nas kontaktirali.